foolear Essay on Shakespeares King Lear - The Fool In Us :: King Lear essays

King Lear: The Fool In Us      Ã‚  Ã‚   King Lear is without doubt Shakespeare's most nihilistic play.   It is a storm without clearing.   In this version of reality, faith is absurd.   The play is set in the pagan era, where King Lear loses all his faith in the gods.   However, we see the need for Christian revelation in the hopelessness of the play.   We also see in the character of the Fool a character who resembles the wisdom and words of the Apostle Paul "Let no man deceive himself.   If any man among you seemeth to be wise in this world, let him become a fool that he may be wise."1   These words are very similar to the function and meaning of the word fool in the play.   While fool in Shakespeare's plays can represent a "dupe", a "madman", a "beloved one", a "court jester", or a "victim", it means all of these in King Lear.   For the Fool is the court jester, Cordelia is Lear's beloved one, and Lear, himself, is at various times duped, a madman, and a victim.   Yet, when we look at th e words of Paul, we see the Fool tell Lear virtually the same thing in this play.   For Lear believes himself to be wise, when, in reality, he is a duped fool:    Fool.   If thou wert my Fool, Nuncle, I'd have thee beaten for being old before they time. Lear.   How's that? Fool.   Thou should'st not have been old till thou hadst been wise.2    The Fool loves Lear as much as anyone in the play, save for his youngest daughter Cordelia.   The Fool knows Lear's only mistake is not accepting Cordelia's expression of love.   Once he has divided his kingdom between Goneril and Regan it is too late for any advice to Lear to resolve the matter.   The Fool tries to get Lear to understand what a dupe and bungler he has been, but Lear cannot see himself as the portrait the Fool paints.   Lear needs nothing more than himself; he has everything in himself.   However, he goes from everything in himself to nothing because he has been unwise:    Lear.   Does any here know me?   This is not Lear: Does Lear walk thus?   Speak thus?   Where are his eyes? Either his notion weakens, his discernings Are lethargied-Ha! waking? 'tis not so. Who is it that can tell me who I am?

“Organizations need strong leaders and a strong culture” Essay

In this essay, I am going to critically analyze the importance strong leaders coupled with a strong culture has within organizations. In doing so, the argument is built up of several contextual layers defining the significance that heavily immersed cultures along with well driven leaders has on the operational and interactional functioning’s of an organization but most importantly its employees. However first and foremost, it is believed that Post Bureaucratic management practices shape the construction of individual values and beliefs, ultimately depending on which cultural enrichment management will adopt. Furthermore, the abuse of power leaders may espouse may inflict adversarial repercussions upon the cultural framework embraced by the organization. Therefore this initiates a direct sequence of employees challenging De Facto power by engaging in managerial discourses, which repudiate against cultural structures, causing hierarchal movement. Whilst, firmly substantiating that strong culture’s lead by strong leaders build the inner mechanistic functioning of an organization, throughout this essay, in Section One I shall illustrate the importance of Post Bureaucratic mechanisms and the internal relationships they have with culture and leadership. Moreover in Section 2, I will attempt to expose how power is used as a possession, rather than a relationship between people. Lastly, in order to logically complete my argument, I will define how resistance is seen to be a ‘reactive process’ whereby people embedded in power relations actively oppose initiatives enacted by others (Jermier et all 1994:90) Section 1 It is believed that having such a widely shared integrative culture in organizations is often viewed as a panacea for management and a recipe for corporate success (Peter and Waterman 1982) In relation to this statement, a good culture coupled with a intuitive leader will only set out a positive regime of truth, that will undoubtedly allow the emergence of a cultural  landscape to ensure conformity is consistent to all who belong to the organization. In order to achieve such an ambition, organizations embrace Post Bureaucratic mechanisms, which are depicted as a set of normative controls that stress the importance of socialization, enculturation and identification with company objectives. (Josserand, Villesà ¨che, & Bardon 2012) However the most pressing point to highlight is the fact that Post Bureaucratic mechanisms heavily entail the involvement of cultural promotion, which further aims to propel culture onto center stage. Ultimately, this means that for people to function within any given setting they must have a continuing sense of what the reality surrounding them is about (Pettigrew 1979) Herein, this tells us that culture provides a source of organizational ‘common sense’, upon which members draw to when deciding where, when and how to act. (Clegg, Kornberger & Pitsis 2011) Therefore social interaction must be conceived as the negotiation of meaning, which inevitably formulates and continues the growth and extension of leadership abilities and culture amongst members of an organization. Moreover social interaction may also be characterized as an organization of instrumental relations, resulting in the formulation of various relations or relationships amongst not only members of an organization but also identification in a corporate alumni network. Hence, repetitive symbolic activities are drawn upon by organizations to maintain the stability of the social system, which has a fundamental obligation to create and recreate the system. (Rosen 1988) Making direct reference to Michel Rosen’s journal article: â€Å"You asked for it: Christmas at the Bosses Expense†, the use of ceremonies and rites, being the Christmas party encompasses a latent function, which directly aims to enable a state of partial suspension of normal structure relationships in which culture emerges as an organizing principle underlying agency membership. Lastly, despite Post Bureaucratic mechanisms promoting an enterprising culture, more importantly it imbues humanistic values of autonomy, flexibility, confidence and trust that ultimately carry the intent to urge employees to take on responsibilities (Josserand, Villesà ¨che, & Bardon 2012) However, it should be undoubtedly emphasized that managers must inhibit the appropriate leadership qualities that will enable themselves and employees  to share a common relationship, in turn directly allowing them to control and frame their subjectivity in order to align one another’s relevancies. Subsequently this is achieved through leaders identifying culture, as an asset to form a paternalistic relation with their employees, as such can be debated to ignite a desirable urge to be apart of the community the organization instills. Furthermore it should be accentuated that the â€Å"Path Goal Theory† of leadership, is imperative to a successful relationship between employer and employee. It is noted as the physiological and technical support that managers provide as leaders, which ultimately intends to motivate employees by helping them understand that their needs and expectations can be fulfilled through the performance of their jobs. (Clegg, Kornberger & Pitsis 2011) Section 2 In todays business realm the sociological treatment of power has the ability to perpetuate a substantial impact on the interrelation and operational processes of an organization. In support of this statement, it is elemental to treat power as a property of abstract systems, as its complexities must not only be precisely managed but also more importantly understood. Therefore it is clear that the conception of power has the capability to â€Å"make or break† an organization as Giddens argues that â€Å"the notion of power is logically tied to that of action, and in its widest sense, power refers simply to the ‘transformative capacity’ of human action†. (Knights & Roberts 1982) Given this fact, we are able to argue that power has the fortitude to develop, refine or revolutionize an organizational landscape. Accordingly it is paramount that power should be treated and only applied amongst the confinements of a relationship, rather than kept as a possession to an individual. It is this underlying complexity that sparks much conjecture throughout organizations and cultural foundations. Specifically, when power is treated as a possession the direct result is that of the ignition of conflict, which can be depicted as a threatening hazard that has the ascendency to topple even the most successful organizations throughout the world. Firstly it is important to point that the individualistic conception of power is concealed within managers in which it is defined as the way that resources of ownership and control are employed in attempt to coerce labor into compliance. (Knights & Roberts 1982) This is formally known as coercive power, which is understood to be the power someone has over another, ultimately meaning the denial or removal of individual choice. Furthermore coercion â€Å"requires the active submission of one person to another†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Russ 1980:7-11) as such a thought holds the aptitude to administer alarming repercussions throughout an organizations culture. This is largely due to the fact that â€Å"equal attempts at coercion may lead to more or overt forms of resistance† (Russ 1980:7-11), a discomforting scenario that will not only cause a severe backlash against the leadership circle, but also hold the potential to eclipse the current operational success of the business. Essentially, due to the low trust dynamics, a regressive spiral of attempted control and counter control (Fox 1974) will further impede negatively on the business, ultimately throwing the culture into an unhealthy state of affair and the leadership hub at risk of being overthrown. In addition, another essential point to mention is the affiliation the notion of mainstream culture has with coercive power. As stated above, the sociological treatment of power has the potential to inflict adversarial effects if not effectively managed by administrators of an organization. Alternatively, culture is believed to create consistency and reduce conflict. However coercive authority, contradicts the view of mainstream culture, as it arguably does the total opposite. If it is believed that if organizational structures, strategies, regulations and policies frame the behavioral intents of employees, then members who belong to a hierarchy dominated by coercive power, will not only reject to be consistent with company norms but also increase conflict. This is supported by the belief that culture brings people together: it ensures they all think alike, feel and act in relatively similar ways. (Clegg, Kornberger & Pitsis 2011) Similarly, also by correlating coercive power with mainstream cultures, it highlights the inadequate and defective leadership attributes it promotes. Cultural engineering is undertaken by senior management and disseminated  downward causing a spiral effect. (Clegg, Kornberger & Pitsis 2011) Therefore culture can be interpreted as a management ‘lever’, a means of ensuring organizational goals are instilled and accepted by its members through the allurement of its culture. (Brewis 2007) Essentially, to make leadership effective, a leader must undertake in authoritative power, which is a more realistic understanding of interdependence in organizations (Knights & Roberts 1982) What this means is that a mutual recognition of employer employee relations is shared, causing members to accept the advice and direction of others rather than opposing. A unique feature of the relationship is that authority cannot be imposed nor possessed, but exists only as a quality of the relationship. (Knights & Roberts 1982) However mutual manipulation may occur when someone attempts to elevate their power above the mutual trust, therefore implying it is imperative to maintain the reciprocal of rights. Lastly this has an overwhelming influence on the culture, as all participants obtain a sense of authority and belonging. Section 3 With regard to coercive power, and the debilitated ramifications it inflicts on an organization’s cultural arrangement, it can be condoned to believe that members will engage in more overt forms of resistance. Essentially, what this points out is the creativity of employees resisting increasing control of the labor processed by management (Prasad and Prasad 2000). Therefore resistance can be directly associated with defective leadership, as even though management believe they hold the right to produce the policies that â€Å"they† want, it doesn’t mean its members will agree. Given these facts, work groups use resistance to induce what they want, the indispensible adjustments required for relatively smooth and everyday functioning in the workshop. (Courpasson, Dany & Clegg 2011) More importantly, despite the act of resistance producing a common interest in opposition to management, it simultaneously results in more resistance (Burawoy 1982), clearing professing the viral empowerment it professes amongst members of an organization. Hence, this approach conceptualizes resistance as an irreducible opposition between members and management, clearly endangering the foundations of any cultural environment inhibited by an organization. Touching upon the previous paragraph, resistance is a direct result of the enmeshment of exploitative relations (Courpasson, Dany & Clegg 2011). More importantly, this allures members to engage in managerial discourses, which operate against the cultural and ideological controls that frame, a company (Thomas 2009) and craft new identities, which challenge De facto Power (Ewick and Silbey 2003). Ultimately this causes dysfunctional freezing of an organization, a direct cause of members participating in â€Å"distancing† themselves from the company’s ambitions and requisites until change has transpired. Nevertheless this can be seen to benefit the organization as a whole, as employees now have the capacity to accede their desires. In relation to culture, it is imperative that members concerns are meant in order to achieve optimum business success; therefore managers seek to secure compliance through meeting employee’s sentiments and desires. Subsequently, it is vital for cultures to obtain core values and presuppositions that are widely shared and acted on (Peter and Waterman 1982), however by managers thriving on the elevation of power and exploitation, it only contradicts what a good culture should be about by going against group norms. Drawing closely to theorists ideas, it is believed that â€Å"if you forged a strong culture that incorporate all organizational members in shared beliefs and commitments – everything else good, morale, performance and results should follow†(Peter and Waterman 1982), clearly exposing the importance of effective and understanding leadership. Lastly, it should be accentuated that improvement in productivity and quality would accrue when corporate cultures systematically align individuals with formal organizational goals (Peter and Waterman 1982), but arguably wont be reached if members are continually constrained by the corporation. Overall with all of the above being discussed, one could conclude that Human skill is a pre requisite of what a strong leader should acquire. An approved culture will only occur if everyone is integrated into one managerially designed structure and the result, a superior performance. However this is  can be deemed only attainable if leadership has the ability to work with people, meaning to be sensitive to the needs and motivations of others, and taking into account other needs in ones decision making (Clegg, Kornberger & Pitsis 2011) a clear contrary to what coercive power achieves. However, it could be argued that such leaders enjoy the hierarchal separation between themselves and lower level employees, as the process to both lead and yet also work alongside them is an ongoing struggle. Conclusion In summation, I have come to the conclusion that it is inevitable for an organization to parade operational success without some sort of formulation of a strong culture espoused with strong leadership. Despite Post Bureaucratic management practices shaping the construction of individual values and beliefs, I believe it is imperative for the leadership hub of any organization to be effectively aware of the on going relationship its shares with its members. For any organization to achieve corporate success the notion of culture should be heavily identified and all components that it contains must be exercised accordingly. Ultimately, if managements leadership qualities are deemed to be strong, the culture constructed must comprise a set of deep, basic assumptions and beliefs as well as shared values, which will enable members to attain a sense of not only identity but also more importantly provide them with heterogeneous ways of making decisions. Therefore bringing my essay to a close, it should not be forgone that an organization requires a strong culture and strong leadership. Reference List Articles 1. Burawoy, M. 2001. Donald Roy: Sociologist and working stiff. Contemporary Sociol. 30(5) 453-458 2. Courpasson, D., Dany, F. and Clegg, S. (2011) Resisters at Work: Generating Productive Resistance in the Workplace,  Organization Science, Articles in Advance: 1–19. 3. Ewick, P., S. Rayner, eds. (2003) Narrating social structure: Stories of resistance to legal authority. Amer. J. Social. 108(6) 1328-1372. 4. Fox, A. (1974) Beyond Contract: work, power and trust relationships. London: Faber 5. Josserand, E., Villesà ¨che, F. Bardon, T., (2012) Being an active member of a corporate alumni network: a critical appraisal, pp. 31-55 6. Knights, D. and Roberts, J. (1982) The power of organisation or the organisation of power? Organisation Studies, 3(1): 47-63 7. Prasad, P. A. Prasad. (2000) Stretching the iron cage: The constitution and implications of routine workplace resistance. Organ. Sci. 11(4) 387 – 403 8. Russ, V., (1980) Positive and negative power; thoughts of the dialectics of power, Organizational studies 1/1:3-20 9. Rosen, M. (1988) You asked for it: Christmas at the bosses expense, Journal of Management Studies, 25(5): 463-480. Books 1. Brewis, J. (2007) Culture in Knights, D. and Willmott, H. (eds), Introducing Organizational Behaviour Management, Australia Thompson: 344-374. 2. Clegg, S., Kornberger, M., and Pitsis, T. (2011) Managing & Organisations: An Introduction to †¨Theory and Practice, 3rd Edition, London, Sage (Chapter 6), pp. 224 3. Clegg, S., Kornberger, M., and Pitsis, T. (2011) Managing & Organisations: An Introduction to †¨Theory and Practice, London, Sage (Chapter 4), pp. 133 4. Jermier, J. M., D. Knights, W. R. Nord, eds (1994) Power in organzations. Routledge, New York. 5. Thomas, R. (2009) Critical management studies on identity: Mapping the terrain. M. Alvesson, T. Bridgman, H. Willmott eds. The Oxford Handbook of Critical management studies. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK, 166-186 6. Peter, T. J., & Waterman, R.H. (1982) In Search for excellence: Lessons from Americas best-run companies. Warner Book, New York.

Homer’S, The Iliad, Is An Ancient Greek Poem That Opens

Homer’s, The Iliad, is an ancient Greek poem that opens up ten years into the Trojan War. The protagonist is Akhilleus, the greatest warrior of the Achaean army. His rage and quarrel with Agamemnon, the king of Mycenae, condemns the Achaean army to catastrophe. The epic poem preludes to the origins of the Trojan War as Paris, prince of Troy, was lured by Aphrodite and broke the Greek Alliance by seducing Helen, wife of King Menelaus, and abducting her to Troy. The book, â€Å"Literature of the Western World, Volume I, The Ancient World: Through the Renaissance,† portrays the Greek gods loftier to human beings through their power, beauty and immortality. Contradictory to Yahveh, the Hebrew God, they did not follow a set of principles which†¦show more content†¦However, at the twelfth day Apollo persuades Zeus that, â€Å"Akhilleus is to take fine gifts from Priam, and in return give back Prince Hektor’s body† and that Akhilleus should let Hektorâ €™s body be ransomed (601). After that Zeus summons Thetis and asks her to tell Akhilleus to, â€Å"Relent, and give back Hektor’s body, and at the same time he sends Iris, rainbow goddess, to Priam (571). Zeus wants Thetis to be in charge of this, so she can kindly explain to Akhilleus to that this is the will of the gods. Akhilleus shows respect and humility to the Gods and is willing to give Hektor’s boy to his father, Priam. This shows that even someone who like Akhilleus a brave warrior is answerable to the gods. Homer shows how some characters like Akhilleus even their self-worth is not important as his respect to the lords. When Hektor finally dies, Homer shows us the melting of the rage of Akhilleus. The burial reflects the values of Greek culture which stress on the importance of a good burial for the souls to rest peacefully (Spark-notes Editors). 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The Death Of The United States Suicide Essay - 2229 Words

Research Proposal Paper Pamela Pullins Dr. Lee Research I Jackson State University November 28, 2016 HISTORY In the United States Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death. Each year 42,773 Americans die by suicide. Suicide costs the U.S. $44 Billion dollars annually. The annual age-adjusted suicide rate is 12.93 per 100,000 individuals. Men die by suicide 3.5x more often than women. On average, there are 117 suicides per day. White males accounted for 7 of 10 suicides in 2014. Firearms account for almost 50% of all suicides. The rate of suicide is highest in middle age — white men in particular. In the state of Mississippi suicide is the 12th leading cause of death. Nearly three times as many people in Mississippi die from suicide than HIV/AIDS. When a parent dies, it’s always painful for a child. And a parent’s death by suicide—especially, research shows, a mother’s suicide—has an even more painful and potentially disturbing effect. Those who lost a parent to suicide as children were three time more likely to commit suicide than that of chil dren with living parents. Bereavement is one of a range of difficult life events that children and young people may face. Among a nationally representative sample of children aged 5 to 16, 3.8% had experienced the death of a parent or sibling (Fauth et al., 2009). Children developing a range of major psychiatric disorders are more at risk than those of children who have not suffered a loss of a parent,Show MoreRelatedSuicide Death Of The United States2008 Words   |  9 Pages Suicide is the 10th leading cause of death in the United States. There are approximately 121 successful suicides a day, and 44,193 a year. Almost 50% of suicides are committed with a firearm. Seven out of ten suicides are committed by white middle aged men. It is proven that men die from suicide 3.5 times more than women; however, it is documented that women try three times more. 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I agree that physician-assisted suicide should be legal in every state because in most cases, people that are terminally ill should haveRead MoreCauses of Suicide Essay1617 Words   |  7 PagesCauses of Suicide *No Works Cited Suicide can best be described as the destructive act of voluntarily taking ones own life. Suicide often presents a real and often tragic puzzle to be solved by friends and family, and any other professionals who have been involved with someone who has committed suicide. To be able to definitively answer the question as to why an individual would commit such a deadly act seems to be a highly complex task. The victim himself

How Apple And Samsung Differentiate Their Product / S From...

ILS004 Research Project Question How does a company of your choice distinguish its product/s from those of its competitors? Chosen company Apple and Samsung Chosen product Ipad Air and Galaxy tab S BY: Azaad Karim Manji Student number:101975 Contents Page Terms of reference (definition of task)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦... Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.... Main body†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Results†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Appendices†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ References/Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Terms of Reference I am going to develop a research project on how Apple and Samsung differentiate the tablets from each other. These will include them having different characteristics and uniqueness in their tablets. Summary This report analyses how Apple and Samsung differentiate and distinguish their IPad Air and Galaxy tab S tablets from each other by using various techniques and differences in their product. This study will look at a number of features of the Ipad Air and the Galaxy tab S such as general design and build, camera resolution, display, apps, hardware, software/processor and finally thickness and weight of the tab. This report also highlights the importance of brand loyalty and the trademark of the company playing a big role in differentiating these tablets. AND THE CONCLUSION IS†¦ Introduction Samsung is aShow MoreRelatedMarketing Of The Apple Corporation Essay1477 Words   |  6 PagesApple, Inc. engages in the design, manufacture, and marketing of mobile communication, media devices, personal computers, and portable digital music players (Forbes Media LLC, 2016). The Apple Corporation offers a wide variety products and services such as the iPhone, iPad, and Mac computer. The company was founded by Steven Paul Jobs, Ronald Gerald Wayne, and Stephen G. Wozniak on April 1, 1976 (Rawlinson, 2016). The original Apple computer was to be priced at a meager $666.66 for consumer purchaseRead MoreA Research Project On Apple And Samsung1840 Words   |  8 PagesResearch Project Question How does a Samsung distinguish its product/s from those of its competitors (Apple)? Chosen company Apple and Samsung Chosen product Ipad Air and Galaxy tab S 10.5 BY: Azaad Karim Manji Student number:101975 Contents Page Terms of reference (definition of task)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦pg3 Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦pg3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦pg4 General Design of the Galaxy tab S and Ipad Air†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦pg5 Galaxy tab S and Ipad Air display†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreA Research Project On Apple And Samsung1848 Words   |  8 PagesResearch Project Question How does a Samsung distinguish its product/s from those of its competitors (Apple)? Chosen company Apple and Samsung Chosen product Ipad Air and Galaxy tab S 10.5 BY: Azaad Karim Manji Student number:101975 Contents Page Terms of reference (definition of task)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦pg3 Summary†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦pg3 Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦pg4 General Design of the Galaxy tab S and Ipad Air†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦pg5 Galaxy tab S and Ipad Air display†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreStrengths and Weaknesses of Apple1980 Words   |  8 Pages Apple Company SW Analysis Abstract This paper will attempt to identify the strengths, weaknesses, of the Apple Company; a multimillion dollar technological company. There are several aspects of the Apple Company that makes it strong in the industry however there are also areas of weakness that makes the company vulnerable to its competition. This paper will outline the company’s strengths and how it dominates in this ever changing technological world. At the same time this paper will outlineRead MoreWhat Type Of Diversification Is Volkswagen Pursuing?1716 Words   |  7 Pages What type of diversification is Volkswagen pursuing? What are the advantages and disadvantages in VW’s corporate strategy? Volkswagen is using a related or product diversification strategy of expanding into similar products. It is also expanding geographically from Europe into the U.S. and China. Advantages of this strategy are sharing resources (design, marketing, etc.) and economies of scale (purchasing power). 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Flautists Battle To Help Tiny Silent Losses Free Essays

Have you ever lost someone close to you? You probably remember their laughs, and all the memories you had with them, but what if you had never shared these moments? What if they had slipped away before you even had a chance? Flautists used their talents at London’s Royal Albert Hall yesterday to raise money to help raise miscarriage awareness. Twenty eight year old Tiana Webb from Croydon decided to set up the concert after suffering her fourth miscarriage in two years, she expressed her feelings â€Å"I felt so alone, and wondered why this kept happening to me, I realised I had to help do something so other women would not have to feel so alone whilst going through such a tough situation. Music helped me through the tough times, and as a flautist myself, I thought I could use my talents to help†. We will write a custom essay sample on Flautists Battle To Help Tiny Silent Losses or any similar topic only for you Order Now Leaflets were sent out asking all flautists to unite from all over the county, no matter what their ability or style in music. Over a hundred and fifty musicians came forward ranging from beginners to professionals, young to old. Tiana said she was surprised at the amount of support that had been gained, as she was not sure if she would be successful. The Miscarriage Association is a charity set up to help raise miscarriage awareness. The charity supports grieving woman, be it soon after their miscarriage or a while after by providing information, support groups and helplines. It also offers a service in which mothers can be put in touch with other women who have experienced a loss. Miscarriage facts are quite unknown, more than one in five pregnancies end in miscarriage, a shocking quarter of a million each year in the UK. Recent research amongst a sample of over three hundred women who had experienced loss in pregnancy showed that 45% of women did not feel well informed about what was happening to them. Only 29% of them felt well cared for emotionally and nearly four out of five received no aftercare. Claire Walker, a spokesperson from TMA said â€Å"we are so thankful to Tiana and everyone who took part in the concert. Miscarriage affects so many women in society and feel it goes un-noticed, but this event shows that there is hope for them†. Tickets sold out within a week of going on sale, filling the magnificent hall. Tiana held an auction of old music, CDs, flutes and other musical equipment, all donated by the musicians themselves, of local organisations. One of the flautists, Fourteen year old Levi King from East London said † I’m proud to be part of something which is for a good cause, the response is incredible†. The concert was set off with all 158 flautists playing Karen Taylor-Good’s song, ‘Precious Child’ together, which was written especially. Karen herself sang the feeling filled words, â€Å"There wasn’t a dry eye in the building† she explained, â€Å"everyone was obviously very touched†. Rachel Kindler The sound rang, creating a close atmosphere inside. Many members of the audience described it as a heart-warming experience to be amongst others with the same feelings, as many of them had suffered a miscarriage either themselves or in their families. This was followed by each of the flautists playing solos, duets or trios in a variety of music styles. There were reports that many of them felt privileged to be able to perform in the Royal Albert Hall as it was a ‘once in a lifetime experience’. Tiana played 4 individual solo’s, including two that she had written herself. Amongst the musical pieces, poems were read many people spoke of their experiences, 23 year old Sara West told us of her story † I was 20 when I fell pregnant, it was a mixture of excitement and worry as I was young but I knew I wanted to keep my baby, I had a supportive partner and finished my degree at university. When I miscarried at 10 weeks, I was heartbroken. Words cannot describe how hard it is to lose something so precious. Many people do not understand it and are insensitive towards the subject, but coming here tonight made me realise I am not the only one that felt this way, and there is support out there for me. I am pleased to have helped The Miscarriage Association, and thankful to Tiana for putting so much work into this event.† The audience was surprised by the appearance of James Gallway, a famous flautist. He played several pieces, including some with the youngsters which many felt was touching. James said that he would not have missed the concert for the world, as it was not on an opportunity to share his talents and skills with others, but also to help make money for a very good cause. The evening was ended with an outstanding firework display, and people releasing balloons with messages for their losses within. It was spectacular to see so many people come together to remember silent losses that most people will not know of. The occasion was clearly very successful, it raised an amazing à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½10,000 for The Miscarriage Association. Tiana added, † I am overwhelmed at the amount of support for the charity and the event. It is comforting to know that I have helped other grieving mothers, I hope to organise something similar in the near future. I would like to thank all the flautists for participating and everyone who donated money to the charity†. How to cite Flautists Battle To Help Tiny Silent Losses, Papers

Law Test with Answers Essay Sample free essay sample

1. Define Law. â€Å"Law. in its generic sense. is a organic structure of regulations of action or behavior prescribed by commanding authorization. and holding binding legal force. That which must be obeyed and followed by citizens capable to countenances or legal effects is a jurisprudence. † 2. Give 5 maps of the jurisprudence and illustrations ( different illustrations than in the book ) . a. Keeping peace ( Example: Beating a weaker homo for any grounds ) B. Determining moral criterions ( Example: colza )c. Promoting societal justness ( Example: Gender Discrimination in scholarship or Race Discrimination in political relations ) d. Keeping the position quo ( Example: a position quo order may be issued to forestall one parent from taking a kid from the abode or out of the country without the other parent’s consent ) e. Facilitating orderly alteration ( Example: well-designed Torahs for commercialism that allow concerns to be after their daily-activities. supply productive resources. and assess risk-management ) f. Supplying a footing for via media ( Example: largely the jurisprudence suites helps acquiring settled or reduces the charges before tests ) 3. Specify the 7 schools of jurisprudential idea The doctrine or scientific discipline of the jurisprudence is referred to as law. Traditional law can be divided into four basic â€Å"schools of thought† or doctrines of jurisprudence: a. Natural Law School The Natural Law School of law posits that the jurisprudence is based on what is â€Å"correct. † B. Historical SchoolThe Historical School of law believes that the jurisprudence is an sum of societal traditions and imposts that have developed over the centuries. c. Analytical SchoolThe Analytical School of law maintains that the jurisprudence is shaped by logic. d. Sociological SchoolThe Sociological School of law asserts that the jurisprudence is a agency of accomplishing and progressing certain sociological ends. e. Command SchoolThe philosophers of the Command School of law believe that the jurisprudence is a set of regulations developed. communicated. and enforced by the governing party instead than a contemplation of the society’s morality. history. logic. or sociology. f. Critical Legal Studies SchoolThe Critical Legal Studies School proposes that legal regulations are unneeded and are used as an obstruction by the powerful to keep the position quo. g. Law and Economics SchoolThe Law and Economics School believes that advancing market efficiency should be the cardinal end of legal determination devising. 4. Explain in item the province tribunal system. Each province and each district of the United States has its ain separate tribunal system ( jointly referred: State tribunals ) . Most province tribunal systems include: limited-jurisdiction test tribunals. general-jurisdiction test tribunals. intermediate appellant tribunals. and a supreme tribunal. State limited-jurisdiction test tribunals. which are sometimes referred to as inferior test tribunals. hear affairs of a specialised or limited nature. E. g. Traffic tribunals. juvenile tribunals. justice-of-the-peace tribunals. probate tribunals. household jurisprudence tribunals. and tribunals that hear misdemeanor condemnable jurisprudence instances are limited-jurisdiction tribunals in many provinces. Because limited-jurisdiction tribunals are test tribunals. grounds can be introduced and testimony can be given. Most limited-jurisdiction tribunals maintain records of their proceedings. A determination of such a tribunal can normally be appealed to a general-jurisdiction tribunal or an appellant tribunal. Every province has a general-jurisdiction test tribunal. These tribunals are frequently referred to as tribunals of record because the testimony and grounds at test are recorded and stored for future mention. These tribunals hear instances that are non within the legal power of limited-jurisdiction test tribunals. such as felonies. civil instances more than a certain dollar sum. and so on. Some provinces divide their general-jurisdiction tribunals into two divisions. one for condemnable instances and one for civil instances. In many provinces. intermediate appellate tribunals ( besides called appellate tribunals or tribunals of entreaty ) hear entreaties from test tribunals. They review the test tribunal record to find whether there have been any mistakes at test that would necessitate reversal or alteration of the test court’s determination. Thus. an appellant tribunal reviews either pertinent parts or the whole test tribunal record from the lower tribunal. No new grounds or testimony is permitted. There is a highest province tribunal of each state’s tribunal system. Many provinces call this highest tribunal the province supreme tribunal. Some provinces use other names for their highest tribunals. The map of a state’s highest tribunal is to hear entreaties from intermediate appellate province tribunals and certain test tribunals. No new grounds or testimony is heard. The parties normally submit pertinent parts of or the full lower tribunal record for reappraisal. The parties besides submit legal Jockey shortss to the tribunal and are normally granted a brief unwritten hearing. Decisions of highest province tribunals are concluding unless a inquiry of jurisprudence is involved that is appealable to the U. S. Supreme Court. 5. Explain in item the federal tribunal system. Article III of the U. S. Constitution provides that the federal government’s judicial power is vested in one â€Å"Supreme Court. † This tribunal is the U. S. Supreme Court. Article III besides authorizes Congress to set up â€Å"inferior† federal tribunals. Pursu-ant to its Article III power. Congress has established the U. S. territory tribunals. the U. S. tribunals of entreaties. and the U. S. bankruptcy tribunals. Pursuant to other author-ity in the Constitution. the U. S. Congress has established other federal tribunals. Federal Judgess of the U. S. Supreme Court. U. S. tribunals of entreaties. and U. S. territory tribunals are appointed for life by the president. with the advice and consent of the Senate. Judges of other tribunals are non appointed for life but are appointed for assorted periods of clip ( e. g. . bankruptcy tribunal Judgess are appointed for 14-year footings ) . The U. S. territory tribunals are the federal tribunal system’s test tribunals of general legal power. The U. S. tribunals of entreaties are the federal tribunal system’s intermediate appellate tribunals. There are 13 circuits in the federal tribunal system. The first 12 are geo-graphical. Eleven are designated by Numberss. such as the â€Å"First Circuit. † â€Å"Second Circuit. † and so on. The geographical country served by each tribunal is referred to as a circuit. The 12th circuit tribunal. located in Washington. DC. is called the District of Columbia Circuit. 6. Specify the followers:a. standing to action To convey a case. a complainant must hold standing to action. This means the complainant must hold some interest in the result of the case. Definition from USLEGAL. com †¦ Standing to action philosophy refers to a legal rule where a party is entitled to hold a tribunal decide his/her virtues of the instance. Under this philosophy. a party is entitled to obtain judicial declaration. In the U. S. . there are many demands that a party must set up to hold standing before a federal tribunal. The followers are some of the demands recognized under the philosophy: 1. Injury ; 2. Causing ; 3. Redressability. The standing to action philosophy is a jurisdictional issue which concerns power of federal tribunals to hear and make up ones mind instances. The philosophy is non concerned with ultimate virtues of a instance. b. capable affair legal power Capable affair legal power is the authorization of a tribunal to hear the type of instance brought before it. It is legal power over the type of claim brought by the complainant. ( USLEGAL. com ) c. in paradoxical sleep legal power A tribunal may hold legal power to hear and make up ones mind a instance because it has legal power over the belongings of the case. This is called in paradoxical sleep legal power ( â€Å"jurisdiction over the thing† ) . d. quasi in paradoxical sleep legal power Sometimes a complainant who obtains a judgement against a suspect in one province will seek to roll up the judgement by attaching belongings of the suspect that is located in another province. This is permitted under quasi in rem legal power. or attachment legal power. e. localeVenue requires cases to be heard by the tribunal of the tribunal system that has legal power to hear the instance that is located nighest to where the incident occurred. where informants and grounds are available. and such other relevant factors. 7. List and specify the parts of a â€Å"pleading† . The paperwork that is filed with the tribunal to originate and react to a case is referred to as the pleadings. The major pleadings are the ailment. the reply. the cross-complaint. and the answer. Ailment and Biddings:To originate a case. the party who is actioning ( the complainant ) must register a ailment in the proper tribunal. The ailment names the parties to the case. alleges the ultimate facts and jurisprudence violated. and contains a â€Å"prayer for relief† for a redress to be awarded by the tribunal. The ailment can be every bit long as necessary. depending on the case’s complexness. In other words. a papers filed by a complainant with a tribunal and served with a biddings on the suspect. It sets forth the footing of the case. Cross-Complaint and Answer:A suspect who believes that he or she has been injured by the complainant can register a cross-complaint against the complainant in add-on to an reply. In the cross- ailment. the suspect ( now the cross-complainant ) sues the complainant ( now the cross-defendant ) for amendss or some other redress. The original complainant must register a answer ( reply ) to the cross-complaint. The answer. which can include affirmatory defences. must be filed with the tribunal and served on the original suspect. Alternatively. a papers filed and served by a suspect if he or she countersues the complainant. The suspect is the cross-complainant. and the complainant is the cross-defendant. The cross-defendant must register and function a answer ( reply ) . Answer:The suspect. the party who is being sued. must register an reply to the plaintiff’s ailment. The defendant’s reply is filed with the tribunal and served on the complainant. In the reply. the suspect admits or denies the allegations contained in the plaintiff’s ailment. A judgement is entered against a suspect who admits all of the allegations in the ailment. The instance returns if the suspect denies all or some of the allegations. In short. a papers filed by a suspect with a tribunal and served on the complainant. It normally denies most allegations of the ailment. 8. List and specify the 4 parts of â€Å"discovery† . The legal procedure provides for a elaborate pretrial process called find. During find. each party engages in assorted activities to detect facts of the instance from the other party and witnesses prior to test. Discovery serves several maps. including forestalling surprises. leting parties to thoroughly prepare for test. continuing grounds. salvaging tribunal clip. and advancing the colony of instances. DepositionA deposition is unwritten testimony given by a party or witness prior to test. The individual giving a deposition is called the testifier. InterrogationsInterrogations are written inquiries submitted by one party to a case to another party. Production of DocumentsFrequently. peculiarly in complex concern instances. a significant part of a case may be based on information contained in paperss ( e. g. . memorandas. correspondence. company records ) . One party to a case may bespeak that the other party produce all paperss that are relevant to the instance prior to test. This is called production of paperss. Physical or Mental ExaminationIn instances that concern the physical or mental status of a party. a tribunal can order the party to subject to certain physical or mental scrutinies to find the extent of the alleged hurts. 9. List and specify the stages of a test. |Jury Selection |The pool of possible jurymans is normally selected from elector or car enrollment | | |lists. Persons are selected to hear specific instances through a procedure called voir dire | | | ( â€Å"to speak the truth† ) . Lawyers for each party and the justice can inquire prospective jurymans | | |questions to find whether they would be biased in their determinations. | |Opening Statements |Each party’s lawyer is allowed to do an gap statement to the jury at the get downing | | |of a test. During an opening statement. an lawyer normally summarizes the chief factual and| | |legal issues of the instance and depict why he or she believes the client’s place is | | |valid. The information given in this statement is non considered as grounds. | |The Plaintiff’s Case |A complainant bears the load of cogent evidence to carry the trier of fact of the virtues of his or | | |her instance. This is called the plaintiff’s instance. | |The Defendantâ⠂¬â„¢s Case |The defendant’s instance returns after the complainant has concluded his or her instance. The | | |defendant’s instance must ( 1 ) rebut the plaintiff’s grounds. ( 2 ) turn out any affirmatory defenses| | |asserted by the suspect. and ( 3 ) turn out any allegations contained in the defendant’s | | |cross-complaint. The defendant’s informants are examined on direct scrutiny by the | | |defendant’s lawyer. | |Rebuttal and Rejoinder |After the defendant’s lawyer has finished naming informants. the plaintiff’s lawyer can | | |call informants and set forth grounds to refute the defendant’s instance. This is called a | | |rebuttal. | |Closing Arguments |At the decision of the presentation of the grounds. each party’s lawyer is allowed to | | |make a shutting statement to the jury. | |Jury Instructions. Deliberation. and |Once the shutting statements are completed. the justice reads jury instructions ( or charges ) to | |Verdict |the jury. These instructions inform the jury about what jurisprudence to use when they decide the | | |case. | |Entry of Judgment |After the jury has returned its finding of fact. in most instances the justice will come in a judgement to | | |the successful party. based on the finding of fact. This is the official determination of the tribunal. | 10. List and specify the types of Alternative Dispute Resolution. Negotiation:The simplest signifier of alternate difference declaration is prosecuting in dialogues between the parties to seek to settle a difference. Negotiation is a process whereby the parties to a legal difference engage in treatments to seek to make a voluntary colony of their difference. Negotiation may take topographic point either before a case is filed. after a case is filed. or before other signifiers of alternate difference declaration are used. Arbitration:A common signifier of ADR is arbitration. In arbitration. the parties choose an impartial 3rd party to hear and make up ones mind the difference. This impersonal party is called the arbiter. Mediation:Mediation is a signifier of dialogue in which a impersonal 3rd party assists the challenging parties in making a colony of their difference. The impersonal 3rd party is called a go-between. Mini-Trial:A mini-trial is a voluntary private proceeding in which attorneies for each side present a sawed-off version of their instance to the representatives of both sides. The representatives of each side who attend the mini-trial have the authorization to settle the difference. In many instances. the parties besides hire a impersonal 3rd party— frequently person who is an expert in the field refering the disputed affair or a legal expert—who presides over the mini-trial. After hearing the instance. the impersonal 3rd party frequently is called upon to render an sentiment as to how the tribunal would most likely make up ones mind the instance. Fact-Finding:In some state of affairss. called fact-finding. the parties to a difference employ a impersonal 3rd party to move as a fact-finder to look into the difference. Judicial Referee:If the parties agree. the tribunal may name a judicial referee to carry on a private test and render a judgement. Referees. who are frequently retired Judgess. have most of the same powers as test Judgess. and their determinations stand as judgements of the tribunal. The parties normally reserve their right to appeal. 11. Specify e-dispute declaration. The usage of on-line alternate difference declaration services to decide a difference. 12. Describe the English Common Law system. English Common Law:Law developed by Judgess who issued their sentiments when make up ones minding a instance. The rules announced in these instances became case in point for ulterior Judgess make up ones minding similar instances. The English common jurisprudence can be divided into instances decided by the jurisprudence tribunals. equity tribunals. and merchant tribunals. Law CourtsPrior to the Norman Conquest of England in 1066. each vicinity in England was capable to local Torahs. as established by the Godhead or captain in control of the local country. There was no nationwide system of jurisprudence. Chancery ( Equity ) CourtsBecause of some unjust consequences and limited redresss available in the jurisprudence tribunals. a 2nd set of courts—the Court of Chancery ( or equity tribunal ) —was established. These tribunals were under the authorization of the Lord Chancellor. Persons who believed that the determination of a jurisprudence tribunal was unjust or believed that the jurisprudence tribunal could non allow an appropriate redress could seek alleviation in the Court of Chancery. Merchant CourtsAs trade developed during the in-between Ages. the merchandisers who traveled approximately England and Europe developed certain regulations to work out their commercial differences. These regulations. known as the â€Å"law of merchandisers. † or the Law Merchant. were based on common trade patterns and use. Finally. a separate set of tribunals was established to administrate these regulations. This tribunal was called the Merchant Court. 13. What are the beginnings of jurisprudence in the US. Beginnings of Law 1. Consitutions ( province and federal )2. Legislative acts ( province and federal )3. Regulations4. Treaties5. Cases ( province and federal )6. Administrative Agency Rules and Adjudications ( province and federal )7. Procedural regulations of the tribunals ( province and federal )8. Voter Initiatives ( province merely ) 14. define the followers: a. codified jurisprudenceFederal legislative acts are organized by subject into codification books. This is frequently referred to as statute jurisprudence b. presidential executive ordersThe executive subdivision of authorities. which includes the president of the United States and province governors. is empowered to publish executive orders. c. administrative bureau ordinances and ordersAgencies ( such as the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Federal Trade Commission ) that the legislative and executive subdivisions of federal and province authoritiess are empowered to set up. d. judicial determinationsWhen make up ones minding single cases. federal and province tribunals issue judicial determinations. In these written sentiments. a justice or justness normally explains the legal logical thinking used to make up ones mind the instance. 15. Specify the followers:a. ethical fundamentalismUnder ethical fundamentalism. a individual looks to an outside beginning for ethical regulations or bids. This may be a book ( e. g. . the Bible. the Koran ) or a individual ( e. g. . Karl Marx ) . Critics argue that ethical fundamentalism does non allow people to find right and incorrect for themselves. Taken to an extreme. the consequence could be considered unethical under most other moral theories. b. utilitarianismUtilitarianism is a moral theory with beginnings in the plants of Jeremy Bentham ( 1748–1832 ) and John Stuart ( 1806–1873 ) . This moral theory dictates that people must take the action or follow the regulation that provides the greatest good to society. This does non intend the greatest good for the greatest figure of people. c. Kantian moralssKant believed that people owe moral responsibilities that are based on cosmopolitan regulations. Kant’s doctrine is based on the premiss that people can utilize concluding to make ethical determinations. His ethical theory would hold people behave harmonizing to the categorical imperative â€Å"Do unto others as you would hold them make unto you. † Kantian moralss is a deontological ethical theory foremost proposed by the German philosopher Immanuel Kant based on the thought of moral responsibility. It asserts that a good will is the lone per se good thing and that an action is merely good if performed out of responsibility. instead than out of practical demand or desire. This was based on Kant’s accent on ground for developing moral Torahs and his belief in the demand to be able to universalise moral determinations. which led to the rule of the categorical jussive mood. ( hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Kantian_ethics ) d. societal justness theoryJohn Locke ( 1632–1704 ) and Jean-Jacques Rousseau ( 1712–1778 ) proposed a societal contract theory of morality. Under this theory. each individual is presumed to hold entered into a societal contract with all others in society to obey moral regulations that are necessary for people to populate in peace and harmoniousness. This implied contract provinces. â€Å"I will maintain the regulations if everyone else does. † These moral regulations are so used to work out conflicting involvements in society. e. ehical relativism Ethical relativism holds that persons must make up ones mind what is ethical based on their ain feelings about what is right and incorrect. Under thismoral theory. if a individual meets his or her ain moral criterion in doing a determination. no 1 can knock him or her for it. 16. List and specify the societal duties of concern. Maximize Net incomesThe traditional position of the societal duty of concern is that concern should maximise net incomes for stockholders. This position. which dominated concern and the jurisprudence during the nineteenth century. holds that the involvements of other constituencies are non of import in and of themselves. Moral MinimumSome advocates of corporate societal duty argue that a corporation’s responsibility is to do a net income while avoiding doing injury to others. This theory of societal duty is called the moral lower limit. Stakeholder InterestBusinesss have relationships with all kinds of people besides their share-holders. including employees. providers. clients. creditors. and the local community. Under the stakeholder involvement theory of societal duty. a corporation must see the effects its actions have on these other stakeholders. Corporate CitizenshipThe corporate citizenship theory of societal duty argues that concern has a duty to make good. That is. concern is responsible for assisting to work out societal jobs that it did little. if anything. to do. 17. Answer the 3 inquiries after 1. 3 Business Ethics instance 18. Answer the three inquiries after 2. 3 Business Ethics instance 19. Answer the three inquiries after 3. 4 Business Ethics instance Can non happen this questionnaire. delight clearly specify page # 20. Answer the three inquiries after 4. 5 Business moralss instance